should be mentioned here that aesthetic caratteremondano errors, of which all women are slaves, can lead them to want to remain obeseper be in line with fashion. There is no doubt that to be an eye-catching décolleté, every woman feels obliged to have deposits of fat around the neck, collarbone and breasts. But the fact is that fat accumulates in those regionicon great difficulty (...) and we can be sure that the abdomen, hips and lower extremities are a frightening fatness. As for therapy, you can not get lariduzione belly without sacrificing the patient review his upper body. For she is a true sacrifice, because that is, the renunciation of the world considers beautiful.
F. Heckel, "Les grandes et petites obésités" 1911
This quote from a text of 1911 reported by different food for thought, first of all, the idea of \u200b\u200bhow the concept of beauty evolve and transform in relation to the mode, time and culture.
In the past, in times of economic hardship and food, the model of beauty was that of the stereotypical woman of flesh, because it expresses health, welfare and fertility. But during the course of the twentieth century, this pattern is slowly changing pace of progress, through the ideal of feminine beauty of the 50s, already very different from that of the early '900, to achieve the ideal of physical beauty that there is now proposed by the media.
The idealization of the perfect body
always the body is a privileged field of inquiry, self-reflection and analysis. By accepting the fact prorpio body develops during adolescence
self-awareness and self-acceptance, and positive determinants for full maturity. Around the body focus beliefs, prejudices, myths, which historically have been responsible for the attitude of people and cultural epochs. The body has special characteristics that make it easy, treated, critical and cultural influences: first is through us in immediate contact with the world, easily visible and the first of us to be known by others, and secondly changes visibly and constantly throughout our life, making public those extreme stages of change that lead us from birth, childhood, adolescence until the age adulthood and old age.
The body is seen along a continuum, therefore, the external representation of human change, common to all individuals, and we immediately recognized and shared as natural and "obvious."
The superficial familiarity that everyone believes it with his own and others' body means it is perfectly natural, especially in our culture have on the one hand, a reference model "Ideal" of beauty is characterized by rigid and unchangeable fees, which ignore the natural bio-physiological process of growth, the other the belief that they can review, edit, delete and rebuild what the body does not like us at all times and in every situation.
Membership in the Western culture of itself often unconscious and uncritical adoption of the proposed models through the widespread dissemination of symbols of beauty "ideal" associated with "delicious" calls such as wealth, power, happiness, wealth, membership A special elite and so on.
Mass communication has long been seized of the issues concerning image beauty and body, helping to create and disseminate well-known stereotypes about body image. The culture media facilitates and speeds up the dissemination of conflicting and often ambivalent about issues of wellness, health and physical appearance ideal. While advertising and broadcast television as the ideal body image for women and essential lean, firm and dry to the man, the other the fight against "fat" as such is insistent and incessant, creating a real phenomenon of stigma. At the same time great attention is given to the consumption of snacks, ready meals, confectionery industry, alcohol, per se promoters of an overweight condition.
Subjects are more susceptible to that influence adolescents and young people in general, seeking confirmation of their individual identity through the recognition in the other.
Although cultural factors alone do not seem able to cause an eating disorder play an important role when accompanied by individual factors such as low self esteem, tendency toward perfectionism and control. Numerous studies show also relate the onset of eating disorders (especially obesity and binge eating disorder) with repeated teasing by peers and famililari during childhood and adolescence, ipercriticismo on diet and physical appearance, family tendency to food restriction. Reflecting on these data is easy to see that strict adherence to a cultural beauty and body weight results in criticism and ridicule, resulting in a weakening of self-esteem and / or a need for hypercontrol factors often able to render less latent eating disorders.
The modern beauty
Over the centuries have followed different trends, with the cyclic alternating thinness, affluence, like obesity or overt aesthetic reference. He had always been the company's efforts to comply have been significant and almost exclusively of women.
the last thirty years has unfolded, thinness as an ideal feminine aesthetic and moral, as the sleek and slender body values \u200b\u200bhave been assigned such ambition, organization, power, social self-affirmation, first in Western countries and in all countries reached by the new breed of women. This type appears to be a mosaic of cultural values \u200b\u200band expectations attributed to the male gender in past societies, and is depleted of feminine traits previously considered classics (maternal aspect, docility, submission, nurturance, etc. ..).
The affirmation of the new aesthetic ideal has thus symbolized a major change in the role of women in society and this situation has promoted the spread of eating disorders.
models currently considered ideal female beauty are also known in prepubertal girls and these are considered a normal pattern to follow, in its own time and their own society, often questioned about whether girls express fear of fat and the desire to start a diet, as they tend to assimilate more easily the behavior and thoughts on diet and body image constantly disseminated by the media and / or adopted by relatives. The diet (read: control over the body and change its image) is often to be the primum movens in the genesis of an eating disorder: the adolescents who undergo a regimi alimentari restrittivi presentano un elevatissimo rischio di sviluppare un disturbo alimentare, fino a 18 volte maggiore rispetto a coetanee che non seguono una dieta.
È stato inoltre dimostrato che il confronto fra il proprio aspetto e quello di modelli stereotipati di bellezza rappresentati da top model o fotomodelle ritratte sui giornali provoca una diminuzione del tono dell'umore nella maggioranza di soggetti di sesso femminile. Le adolescenti in particolare riferiscono di essere influenzate dai giornali nella scelta del loro ideale di bellezza, nel pensare di mettersi a dieta o nel provare a perdere peso. Ci sono inoltre relazioni strette fra lettura di riviste e inizio di una dieta dimagrante o di un programma di esercizio quotidiano: chi read more magazines is more likely to engage in exercise or diet programs.
These data require serious reflection on the relationship between the individual and the media as potential risk factors for developing eating disorders. First
is worth noting the large number of women's magazines that target specific is represented by young teenagers who publish dozens of pages in each issue dedicated to physical fitness and appearance, pouring a handful tips on how to make a weight loss program results sensational or what to do to improve its image.
The comparison with the media exacerbates the natural tendency of adolescents to experience changes challenge themselves and the models shown by parents in an attempt to reach an inner equilibrium and a greater acceptance of self.
If you add the desire to identify with their peers and the continuous comparison - a comparison with the parent figures and with the outside world, it is not difficult to see how almost 50% of teens want to look like at all costs (diet, exercise strenuous physical, cosmetic surgery) to the models proposed by the media, strongly favors the development of subclinical eating disorders and putting himself at considerable risk of real eating disorders.
The Eating Disorders
L'identificazione dell'anoressia nervosa come entità clinica a sé stante risale al 1873. In quell'anno due medici, l'inglese Gull e il francese Lasègue, partendo da esperienze ed osservazioni differenti approdarono alla medesima conclusione studiando un certo numero di giovani donne che inesorabilmente e a dispetto di qualsiasi tentativo di terapia cessavano di alimentarsi, sopravvivevano per un certo periodo in stato di inedia ed infine morivano.
Ecco la prima descrizione dell'anoressia nervosa, pubblicata da Gull su Lancet nel numero di Agosto del 1868:
"Le persone colpite da questa affezione appartengono in gran parte, al sesso femminile e sono principalmente di età compresa fra i 16 and 23 years. I occasionally found among males of the same age. Miss A.: age 17 years [...] had lost 15 kg. At the time, weighed 37 kg. Height 1.65. Amenorrhea for about one year to complete [...] Anorexia animal foods and almost complete for any other food [...] The patient complained of any pain, but he was restless and active. "
The basis for the study of this disorder have been thrown almost 140 years ago, and since then has emerged increasingly broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), which now include those diseases characterized by an alteration in eating behavior, and from an altered perception of body image.
part of DCA is often possible to identify subclinical forms and the search is going towards the study of factors predisposing risk factors and early stages of disease.
The mortality of these disorders is quite high (considering that they are affected girls and boys from an early age) and anorexia varies from 5% to 18% while it is around 7% for bulimia.
Definition and diagnostic criteria I
eating disorders constitute the set of all psychiatric syndromes that are manifested through a disturbed eating behavior.
Within this definition enclosed are three types of disease
Anorexia nervosa (AN)
Bulimia nervosa (BN)
Eating disorders not otherwise specified (DCAnas).
pages on individual disorders, are the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), the current point of reference for diagnosis in psychiatry.
These criteria have been developed to enable a correct and uniform classification of mental illness (in this case, eating disorders) in the world. Their use is mainly statistical and classification. Much more useful in clinical and therapeutic approach that is based upon the psychopathological characteristics of each disease.
It is also noted that eating disorders tend to occur at onset in different ways, as well as over time may undergo profound changes in clinical and psychopathological lead to fluctuations along a continuum of symptoms extremely broad.
Many studies show a tendency to instability diagnosis of these disorders and consider the current unsatisfactory rating systems to meet the needs of the clinician.
Anorexia Nervosa
The term derives from anorexia greco e significa letteralmente mancanza di appetito. Questo termine è abbastanza improprio dato che le persone affette da Anoressia Nervosa non smettono mai di avere fame, ma hanno così tanta paura del cibo che negano lo stimolo della fame oppure tentano di ingannarlo (bevendo, ad esempio, notevoli quantità di acqua o mangiando grandi quantità di verdure o fibre).
L'Anoressia Nervosa è una patologia che ha come nucleo caratteristico un'estrema paura di aumentare di peso, una profonda sensazione di essere sovrappeso o francamente grassi (pur essendo spesso già molto magri o normopeso) e il continuo timore di perdere il controllo sul proprio peso, sul cibo e sul corpo.
Per questi motivi, i soggetti with anorexia seek to minimize the intake of food, eliminate certain foods they consider dangerous to the line and make every effort to lose weight or maintain an underweight sometimes extreme.
Bulimia Nervosa Diagnostic criteria: DSM-IV defines
bulimia nervosa based on the presence of
1.Abbuffate ricorrentiUn'abbuffata is characterized by the following criteria:
eat in a defined period of time a significant amount of food greater than what most people would eat at the same time and under similar circumstances;
feeling of losing control during the episode (eg feeling they could not stop eating or control what and how much you're eating).
2.ricorrenti and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications, fasting or excessive exercise.
The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur on average at least twice a week for three months.
levels of self-esteem is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa.
Also in the NL two subtypes are recognized:
3.con purging: During the current episode of bulimia nervosa, the person has regularly self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics and enemas
4.senza purging: During the current episode the person has regularly used other behaviors compensating inappropriate, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but he's not a regular self-induced vomiting or the inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics and enemas
psychopathological elements
The binges are typically experienced with great shame and discomfort and are often followed by compensatory strategies to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxative abuse, diuretic o altri farmaci, digiuno o esercizio fisico eccessivo).
I soggetti bulimici hanno spesso un peso normale ma sono costantemente preoccupati per il cibo, la forma e il peso corporei, si sentono spesso inadeguati ed estremamente sofferenti, anche perché provano una forte sensazione di vergogna relativa sia al loro corpo che alle loro perdite di controllo, che confessano con enorme sofferenza.
Il loro benessere e la loro autostima finiscono per essere costantemente e esclusivamente influenzati dai problemi relativi al cibo e alla paura di perdere il controllo. La sensazione peggiore provata da queste persone è l'incapacità di frenare l'impulso a compiere un'abbuffata, vale a dire la perdita di controllo. La vergogna that are associated with these symptoms is so great that many patients can lead a seemingly normal life without arousing any suspicion in the family or friends, living their loss of control in secret and solitude.
is important to note that the binge eating are almost always secondary to extreme dieting and fasting, and tend to disappear with the nutrition standards. It is therefore essential that the person can work with a team of specialists in order to regulate food intake, since the reduction of binge eating per se causes an increase in self-esteem, greater self-confidence and sense of able in some way actively to combat the disorder.
Infatti un buon livello di nutrizione aumenta le risorse individuali per sostenere una psicoterapia, accorciando i tempi di cura.
I DCA non altrimenti specificati
Nella categoria Disturbi del comportamento alimentare non altrimenti specificati (DCAnas) il DSM-IV include quei disturbi dell'alimentazione che non soddisfano completamente i criteri di alcun disturbo dell'alimentazione specifico, pur manifestandosi con quadri clinici significativi quanto a gravità e difficoltà di trattamento.
Come esempi clinici, vengono descritti:
- Per il sesso femminile tutti i criteri dell'anoressia nervosa in presenza di un ciclo mestruale regolare.
- Tutti i criteri dell'anoressia nervosa sono soddisfatti e, malgrado la significativa perdita di peso, il peso attuale risulta nei limiti della norma.
- Tutti i criteri della bulimia nervosa risultano soddisfatti tranne il fatto che le abbuffate e le condotte compensatorie hanno una frequenza inferiore a due episodi a settimana per tre mesi.
- Un soggetto di peso normale che si dedica regolarmente ad inappropriate condotte compensatorie dopo aver ingerito piccole quantità di cibo.
Il soggetto ripetutamente mastica e sputa, senza deglutirle, grandi quantità di cibo (spitting). - Disturbo da alimentazione incontrollata (binge eating disorder, BED): ricorrenti episodi di abbuffate in assenza of regular inappropriate compensatory behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa.
Also, in recent years, several diseases have been defined with traits similar or close to anorexia or bulimia, but different from these: orthorexia (recognized by mainstream medicine as a real problem in eating behavior) and drunkoressia (study researchers have not yet officially recognized),
orthorexia
orthorexia (from the greek orthos-and-proper-orexis appetite-) is a form of excessive attention to food regulations, the choice of food and its characteristics.
may be due to a fear, sometimes manic, to grease or not to be in perfect health, and conducts its own rule, to be the opposite with negative effects on the nervous system, perceived difficulties with the subject and clearly impressed by those who circonda.È classified as eating disorder but not yet officially recognized by the psychiatric world and therefore not yet present in the American manual DSM.
has been described for the first time since Steve Bratman in 1997, which calls itself the former dietitian orthorexic and delivered a questionnaire to identify this psicopatologia.La psychoanalysis today tends to give more weight to this form of mania the excessive rules, particularly those addressing the food, considering that is spreading silently and involve a greater degree of sex femminile.Sono individuals recognized different levels of orthorexia, from the mild and transient up to almost manic situations, but have not yet been canonized in clinical terms.
Starving Themselves, Cocktail in Hand
,
by the New York Times on March 2, 2008: All are dangerous
Variations on the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia, and buzzwords That Have Become are popping up on Web sites and blogs, on television and in newspaper articles. As celebrity magazines chronicle the glamorous and the suffering, therapists and a growing number of researchers are trying to treat and understand the conditions.
The latest entry in the lexicon of food-related ills is drunkorexia, shorthand for a disturbing blend of behaviors: self-imposed starvation or bingeing and purging, combined with alcohol abuse.
Drunkorexia is not an official medical term. But it hints at a troubling phenomenon in addiction and eating disorders. Among those who are described as drunkorexics are college-age binge drinkers, typically women, who starve all day to offset the calories in the alcohol they consume. The term is also associated with serious eating disorders, particularly bulimia, which often involve behavior like bingeing on food — and alcohol — and then purging.
Anorexics, because they severely restrict their calorie intake, tend to avoid alcohol. But some drink to calm down before eating or to ease the anxiety of having indulged in a meal. Others consume alcohol as their only sustenance. Still others use drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine to suppress their appetites.
“There are women who are afraid to put a grape in their mouth but have no problem drinking a beer,” said Douglas Bunnell, the director of outpatient clinical services for the Renfrew Center, based in Philadelphia.
The center, like a small but growing number of eating-disorder and addiction-treatment facilities, most on the West Coast, offers a dual focus on substance abuse and eating disorders.
Dr. Bunnell, the past president of the National Eating Disorders Association, said the obsession with being skinny and the social acceptance of drinking and using drugs — along with the sense, lately, that among celebrities, checking into rehab is almost a given, if not downright chic — are partly to blame.
“Both disorders are behaviors that are glorified and reinforced,” Dr. Bunnell said. “Binge drinking is almost cool and hip, and losing weight and being thin is a cultural imperative for young women in America. Mixing both is not surprising, and it has reached a tipping point in terms of public awareness.”
Psychologists say that eating disorders, like other addictions, are often rooted in the need to numb emotional pain with substances or the rush provided by bingeing and purging. The disorders are often driven by childhood trauma like sexual abuse, neglect and other sources of mental anguish.
Manorexia is the male version of anorexia. Orthorexia is an obsession with what is perceived as healthy food — eliminating fats and preservatives, for example. But people with this condition can dangerously deprive themselves of needed nutrients.
Diabulimia refers to diabetics who avoid taking insulin, which can cause weight gain, in order to control their weight. Despite the name, the disorder does not typically involve purging.
Binge Eating Disorder refers to obsessive overeating, especially of foods high in salt and sugar, that does not involve excessive exercise or purging to compensate for the high caloric intake.
Judy Van De Veen, 36, who lives in Gillette, N.J., became anorexic at 24. She said she starved herself, meting out small bites of low-calorie food for two months. Then she began bingeing and purging, throwing up entire boxes of cereal, whole pizzas and fast food from drive-throughs that sometimes cost her $80 a day.
She went into treatment, both inpatient and outpatient, for her eating disorder for several years in the late1990s, with mixed results. In 2001, still struggling with bulimia, she took up drinking. If she ate while drinking, she said, she would purge, but then consume more alcohol to make up for the loss, because she wanted to remain drunk.
Many bulimics who drink use alcohol to vomit, experts on eating disorders say, because liquid is easier to purge. They also tend to vomit because they often drink on empty stomachs.
“In the beginning of my eating disorder I wouldn’t touch alcohol because it is so high in calories,” said Ms. Van De Veen, who later found herself regularly hospitalized for dehydration. “But I have the disease of more: I just want more no matter what it is.”
Two years into her drinking problem, she joined a 12-step program. She spent the next two years in and out of six residential rehab programs, spending about $25,000 of her own money because she didn’t have health insurance. But none of the programs were equipped to address eating disorders, so she binged and purged and her eating disorder raged.
Ms. Van De Veen said she has been sober for three years, but is still struggling with bulimia. She now has a 14-month-old daughter, Cheyenne, and she said that her pregnancy and support groups had helped her make progress on her eating disorder.
“I had an excuse to eat,” she said of being pregnant. “I didn’t care and I loved it.”
But she said the temptation to binge and purge is haunting her again.
Trish, 27, who has had an eating disorder for the last 10 years, recently checked into Renfrew, her fifth stint in a treatment center or hospital.
Like Ms. Van De Veen, Trish, who agreed to be interviewed on the condition that only her first name be used to protect her privacy, struggled with anorexia first and then found alcohol. Before she was admitted to Renfrew, she said she was blacking out from lack of food and suffering from excruciating stomach pain.
Trish, a nurse who lives in Ohio and works with cardiac patients, said she would starve herself through her 8- or 12-hour shifts, staring at the clock and fixating on when she could have her first drink. Drinking, she said, relaxed her when she had to eat in front of other people, a huge source of stress.
“The alcohol is probably what kept any weight on me,” she said in an interview late last month at the Renfrew Center, which she entered on New Year’s Eve for eight weeks of treatment.
“Drinking helped me be less anxious,” she said. “It helped me be more of Trish. The two go together: If I drink more, I’m more into my eating disorder and vice versa.”
Studies show that binge drinking and alcohol abuse are on the rise among women, who are also more prone than men to eating disorders.
About 25 to 33 percent of bulimics also struggle with alcohol or drugs, according to a study published last year in the journal Biological Psychiatry. Between 20 and 25 percent of anorexics have substance abuse problems, the study found.
A growing number of researchers are examining the psychological and neurological links between eating disorders and substance abuse: Does eating a chocolate bar, or bingeing and purging, stimulate the same pleasure centers in the brain as drugs or alcohol?
Suzette M. Evans, a professor of clinical neuroscience at Columbia, recently began a study of the connection between bulimia and substance abuse, a field she said has been neglected.
“People are finally beginning to realize that food can function in the same way as drugs and alcohol,” Dr. Evans said.
As more patients seek treatment for both eating disorders and substance abuse, a complicated set of mixed messages can arise. The response to addiction is abstinence; but quitting food is not an option.
“We’re trying to get our patients to find effective behaviors and life skills,” said Dr. Kevin Wandler, the vice president for medical services at Remuda Ranch, which addresses both eating disorders and addiction at its facilities in Arizona and Virginia.
“Eating normally would be an effective behavior, but it’s easier to give up alcohol and drugs because you never need it again,” Dr. Wandler said. “If your drug is food, that’s a challenge.”
Trish left Renfrew on Feb. 22, after her second time in treatment there. She was determined, 
she said, to break her obsessions with weight, food and alcohol. Before she checked in, “I didn’t even have the energy to laugh,” she said. But as she prepared to go home, she had more hope than she has had in years.
"I will not live my life like this," she said. "I've learned this time not to be ashamed. I want to love myself and I want to forgive myself. "
Suicide of hunger with cocktail in hand:
Anorexia and bulimia are all dangers of eating disorders and have become everyday words that pop up on Web sites , blogs, television and newspaper articles. While the tabloids go into the annals of these stereotypes always trendy but always suffering more and more doctors and researchers are trying to understand and treat this disease.
The latest news in the field of disturbances in eating behavior is drunkoressia, a term for a wide range of disturbing behavior: a self-imposed starvation or alcohol nightlife combined with a peristaltic next purge. The
drunkoressia is not an official medical term, but it hides a worrying food addictive disorder. Among those there are generally described as drunkoressici drinkers teen party, usually women, who starve all day to digest the calories assimilated through the alcohol taken. The term is also associated with serious eating disorders, particularly bulimia, which often involve behaviors such as relentlessly about food (and alcohol) vomiting. 
People suffering from anorexia since greatly reduces l’apporto di calorie per farlo tende ad evitare l’alcol, ma alcuni devono per rilassarsi prima di mangiare o per ridurre l’ansia dopo il pasto.
Altri utilizzano l’alcol come unica fonte di sostentamento. Altri ancora utilizzano droghe come cocaina e meta-anfetamina per sopprimere l’appetito.
“Ci sono donne che hanno paura di mangiare un acino d’uva ma non hanno problemi a bere una birra.”dice Douglas Bunnell, il direttore dei servizi ospedialeri del Renfrew Center di Philadelphia.
Questo Centro, come un piccolo ma crescente numero di strutture che trattano disturbi alimentari e questo genere di dipendenze, prevalentemente sulla West Coast, offre un duplice aiuto per l’abuso di sostanze e i problemi relativi all’alimentazione.
Il Dott. Bunnell, ex presidente dell’Associazione Nazionale Disturbi Alimentari sostiene che l’ossessione e l’accettazione sociale del modello anoressico, c osì come l’abuso di alcol e droghe
-“e lo prova il fatto che tra le celebrità, frequentare le case di riabilitazione è diventato quasi chic”- sono entrambe da condannare.
“Entrambi i disturbi sono comportamenti che sono socialmente accettati e glorificati” sostiene il Dott. Bunnell “esagerare con l’alcol e cool e il perdere peso ed essere magre è un imperativo culturale per le giovani donne americane. Non è una sorpresa che queste problematiche occur together and has become a globally recognized phenomenon. "
Psychologists say that eating disorders, like other addictions, are often rooted in the need to relieve emotional pain with substances or physical disruptions caused by eating and vomiting. The disorders are often related to childhood trauma like sexual abuse, neglect or other sources of psychological suffering. The
manoressia is the male version of anorexia. The orthorexia is an obsession with what is considered a healthy food, such as by eliminating fats and preservatives. But people who suffer from this disorder can dangerously deprive themselves of essential nutrients. The
diabulimia afflicts diabetics who refuse to heal themselves with insulin, which can cause obesity, in order to control their weight.
Despite its name the people who are afflicted with eating and then vomiting. The
compulsive eating disorder refers to people who eat obsessively, especially foods high in salts and sugars that do not require excessive physical effort to offset the high amount of calories absorbed.
Judy Van de Veen, 36, lives in Gillette, in upstate New York, became anorexic at the age of 24. Reports that there was killing of hunger by eating only small bites of foods low in calories for more than two mesi. Poi cominciò mangiare e vomitare compulsivamente, spazzolando intere confezioni di cereali pizze giganti e cibo da fastfood che talvolta le costavano 80 dollari al giorno. Negli anni ’90 decise di farsi curare per il suo problema, stette in cura per diversi anni, prima in clinica poi con cure saltuarie, con risultati altalenanti. Nel 2001, mentre stava ancora combattendo con la bulimia ha cominciato a bere. Se mangiava mentre sui ubriacava, dice, sapeva che avrebbe vomitato, ma subito dopo avrebbe ricominciato a bere perché voleva rimanere ubriaca.
Molti bulimici che devono usano l’alcol per vomitare, riferiscono gli esperti, in quanto il liquido è più facile da rigettare. Inoltre tendono a vomitare perché spesso have an empty stomach.
"At the beginning of my eating disorder, I will not dare to touch alcohol for the high calorie content." Said Miss Van de Veen, who was later hospitalized for dehydration.
"But I had the noise of the anchor: I just wanted to again, no matter what."
After two years who suffered from the problem of alcohol, decided to undertake a rehabilitation program. For two years after it has been in and out of six programs in clinical rehabilitation, spending more or less 25 thousand dollars of its assets not having a 'health insurance. But none of the programs visited was equipped for the treatment of eating disorders così il problema si è soltanto aggravato.
Miss Van de Veen è ormai sobria da tre anni, ma sta ancora combattendo con la bulimia.
Oggi ha una figlia di quattordici mesi, Cheyenne, e riferisce che la gravidanza e i gruppi di supporto l’hanno enormemente aiutata per il suo problema.
“Adesso ho una scusa per mangiare, non me ne preoccupo e inoltre è per una cosa che amo.”
Nonostante tutto la tentazione del meccanismo bulimico la tormenta ancora.
Trish, 27 anni, che ha sofferto di disturbi alimentari per gli ultimi dieci, è recentemente stata ricov erata al Renfrew. Questo è il suo quinto tentativo di ricovero.
Come Miss Van de Veen, anche Trish, che ha accettato to be interviewed only on condition that his name not be revealed to protect their privacy, has struggled with anorexia first and then drop in alcohol. Before being admitted suffering from fainting from lack of food, stabbing pains in my stomach.
Trish, who lived in Ohio and was the nurse in the department of cardiology, said that she could not eat for eight or twelve hours of his shift, setting the clock and wishing only the time when he could drink the first drink. Drinking, she says, helped her to support situations that were friendly to her greatest source of stress.
"Alcohol is probably the only thing that kept her standing, "he said in an interview last month at the Renfrew Center, where she was admitted shortly after New Year's Eve for eight weeks.
"Alcohol helped me be less anxious," she says, "and helped me be more myself."
The two were synchronous: more drinking, more fell back in my obsession and vice versa. Recent studies show that binge drinking of alcohol abuse is increasing among women, men more prone to problems related to food.
According to a study published last year in the journal Biological Psychiatry "33% of bulimics also suffer from problems with alcohol or drugs, while 25% of anorexics have substance dependence problems.
An increasing number of researchers are studying the link between the psycho-neurological disorders and the taking of food substances, eating a chocolate bar or eat and then vomit it stimulates the same pleasure centers in the brain of drugs and alcohol?
Suzzette M. Evans, professor of neurology at the University of Colubia, has recently started a research on the relationship between bulimia and substance abuse, a much neglected field in your opinion.
As more patients seek help for this problem, you also raise several questions: the solution to addiction is abstinence, but abstinence dal cibo non è un opzione.
“Stiamo cercando di far si che i nostri pazienti trovino comportamenti e esperienze reali” dice il Dott. Kevin Wlander, vice presidente dei servizi ospedalieri al Remuda Ranch dove cura entrambi i disturbi.
“Mangiare normalmente potrebbe essere un comportamento efficace, ma è più facile smettere l’alcol e le droghe perché non ne senti più il bisogno” dice il Dott Wlander “ma se la tua droga è il cibo il problema è molto più serio.”
Trish, ha lasciato Renfrew il 22 febbraio, dopo il suo secondo periodo di ricovero lì. Era determinata a smetterla con l’ossessione per peso, cibo e alcol. Prima di essere ricoverata, says he did not even have the strength to laugh. But now that it is preparing to go home has a lot more hope than they had in previous years.
"I will not live my life so" now says "This time I learned not to be ashamed. I want to love and respect myself. "The
Drunkoressia
drunkoressia The term was invented by the journalists of The New York Times" even if it is not yet recognized by mainstream medicine. The term indicates a new and dangerous abnormal eating behavior widespread among adolescents: eat until you get a little too fast to be able to take large amounts of alcohol.
Lo scopo di tale comportamento è duplice:
dimagrire e farsi accettare dal gruppo dei pari, in particolare i maschi la cui assunzione di alcolici è legata al divertimento ed alle emozioni. A tal riguardo, pare che i maschi siano particolarmente interessanti le ragazze che assumono comportamenti pericolosi e trasgressivi. La drunkoressia viene considerata una variante dell'anoressia, ben nota a tutti, ma con una variante di fondo: 
assumere alcolici, a differenza dell'anoressia, significa assumere calorie, quindi si rinuncia al cibo per poter bere maggiormente.
Vediamo le analogie con l'anoressia: rifiuto drastico del cibodiminuzione di pesouguali criteri diagnostici. Per quanto riguarda quest'ultimi it is necessary to detect whether the body mass index (BMI) fell below 17.5 and if you have amenorrhea. The BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. The index is normal in women between 19 and 24.5. The desire to lose weight is not an end in itself but is instrumental in anorexia as alcohol intake. The girls may not be able to drink alcohol when they have food in the stomach, then you need to drink fast. In addition to anorexia continue to lose weight you need to implement other behaviors, after taking small amounts of food, such as: self-induction of vomiting, laxative use, exhausting physical activity. On the contrary alcohol intake, due to the relative intake of sugar, it provides a sense of fullness that can not feel hunger. But this difference is only one initial motivation. Subsequently, the motivation "drunkoressica becomes motivation" anorexic "since losing weight becomes the main purpose and it is enhanced by an awareness of the hunger to win.
drunkoressia The risks of anorexia are the same: osteoporosis, cardiac disorders, amenorrhea. With the latter must be added those arising from the consumption of alcohol, especially when fasting: neuropathies, tremors, liver damage and brain over time. This is exacerbated symptoms in women because it tends to excrete alcohol more slowly than men. In both sexes are present all the consequences of taking alcohol in adolescence when physical and mental development is particularly vulnerable. At a time when the drunkoressia reaches alarm levels, action is required as with anorexia: riunitrizione therapy, individual and group psychotherapy, any medication when alcohol has become a real addiction. In order to implement everything you may need to contact a center for eating disorders. Prevention is important to educate young people the consequences of excessive use of alcohol, to fight the culture of "high", that is fun only possible when combined with transgressive behavior.
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