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The left that holds the Constitution and waving the Tricolour.

Norma Ranger

is the first time we see a manifestation of left flooded with tricolor flags. It 's the first time a major event is open to people from a choir that sings the song "Va pensiero" and closes with the hymn of those Mameli.
It 's the first time you take to the streets wearing the Constitution to defend it from those who consider it the last obstacle to governmentality, as Giorgio Agamben would say, a form of authoritarian government and oligarchy. Signals are obvious, showy, symbolic of a national sentiment that moves back (or forward) in defense of the basic characteristics of civil society, attacked and injured twenty years from Berlusconi, lost by the left. Secular, pluralistic, worked, egalitarian solidarity, internationalism, pacifism, our Constitution yesterday had the face of the people, was pinned on jackets and hats, leading lady in the streets of the hundred cities which have expressed their democracy and the public school, against euthanasia policy in a country where the parliament is a market and business school.
If the parties are aphasic, weak self-machines in Italy infiltrated by the mafia and corruption, is the Constitution which is now being asked to be the compass that guides the future, just as she had touched in the postwar period, when as he said Calamandrei (quoted in squares Cartels and processions) addressing his students "behind every article of this Constitution, you have to see young people like you who have given their lives for freedom and justice could be written on this card." And school children were in the square with many old, comforting like a passing of the baton for future battles. The public school has become a central element of a true constitutional democracy in the country that bends the right to education for all in a privileged few. Students and teachers were the stronger connotation of this March 12 Italian. Because if it's ignorance that the submission is growing in the knowledge that can live the rebellion. And 'now campo un'opposizione larga e consapevole che esce di casa e si mette in marcia, ciascuno e ciascuna con la rabbia e la voglia di reagire perché, come era scritto su un cartello, «per un popolo civile non c'è niente di peggio che farsi governare senza resistenza».
E quei fazzoletti tricolori dei partigiani annodati al collo di molti, come quella enorme bandiera della pace che tallonava il bandierone tricolore, ne testimoniavano la coscienza. La piazza continua. A Potenza sabato prossimo con don Ciotti contro le mafie, a Roma il 26 per l'acqua pubblica, fino allo sciopero generale della Cgil il 6 di maggio. Arriveremo alle elezioni amministrative con un pieno di mobilitazioni, con una poderosa domanda di cambiamento in vista la difficilissima sfida referendaria di giugno. È tutto un paese che cammina insieme, spinto dalla ragione e dalla passione. Certo non sarà la retorica nazionalpopolare della canzone di Roberto Vecchioni, cantata dalla piazza del Popolo a Roma, la colonna sonora di una stagione di rivolta pacifica e civile, ma è altrettanto chiaro che sono in piazza bisogni, sentimenti, persone.

39 Weeks Pregnant Stop Working

Italy and nuclear power? No, thanks.

Il nostro è un Paese densamente popolato e ad altà sismicità.
Il crollo della gabbia di contenimento del reattore della centrale nucleare di Fukushima colpisce noi italiani anche al di là di fervida solidarietà umana. Colpisce perché è avvenuto in un Paese ad alta sismicità, che contro tali eventi si è da tempo attrezzato in modo ammirevole (lo comprova la tenuta delle città alle scosse fortissime). Colpisce perché questa Italia, il cui governo di centrodestra ha imboccato nuovamente la strada del nucleare, dimenticando sbrigativamente il “no” referendario del 1987, è anch’essa sovente percossa da terremoti importanti contro i quali si è messo in sicurezza poco più del 20 per cento del patrimonio edilizio.Fra le nostre regioni ne abbiamo soltanto una asismica, la Sardegna, a cui va aggiunta la catena delle Alpi (ma non delle Prealpi, come i mille morti del Friuli ci ricordano).
E’ uno dei motivi per cui si sconsiglia il ritorno al nucleare. Add to this, even though Italy is a densely populated area - apart from the Apennine ridge, however, almost all highly desertified and seismic Madonie from the North - and that some of the sites "likely" are not far from areas affected by strong earthquakes: Montalto di Castro Lazio Maremma is a few kilometers from Tuscania partially destroyed in 1971 with 34 deaths. Montalto but no longer appears, for some reason, between the towns earthquakes. Since the disaster of Fukushima referendum against nuclear IDV then draw a significant boost. As it was in '87 after Cernobyl.Vi are also scientists, I think the physicist Carlo Bernardini, fully favorable to nuclear power instead. They claim that the Chernobyl plant was obsolete and of a type prohibited in the West, remember that the accident at Three Mile Island in the United States did not victims, state that the French EPR are reliable, and that uranium, when it is spent (in 40 years?) may be obtained from the sea as they do the Japanese, while the waste is too dramatized the disposal or concealment. In any case, only nuclear power can save us from high oil prices which tap is in the hands of countries like Libya.
In contrast, the Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia should strengthen research on the centrality of the fourth generation - those of thorium, mineral, and that we possess, burning, leaves little waste - covering the period of welding with renewable energy, especially that solare.Un another great scientist, the chemist Vincenzo Balzani, Accademia dei Lincei, points out that nuclear power now provides only 15 percent of electricity worldwide in the coming years and that nuclear power stations will be decommissioned three times more of those assets, so that these are not expensive to be built by private parties (in France are in charge of Defence), require at least ten years, subject to delays, as in Finland. In addition, security issues (Japan confirmation) is not solved, nor that of the slag. "A good puzzle," admitted a "guru" of nuclear, Richard Garwin. Then there's the border, very tenuous, among civil nuclear power and nuclear military.
issues: energy in Italy is too expensive. Because of oil? In parte.Molto more because our producers are few and "make the sign" keeping prices high. The defect usually oligopolistic Italian companies against whom he fought decades ago, Luigi Einaudi.

Poptropica Finish Accounts

women's movement. Unanimity is a trap.

Alessandra Di Pietro

Among the political consequences of 13 February and 8 March is the final acquisition in the women's movement that unanimity is not action is required. To target "all agree" (On an appeal, a slogan, a flashmob) demands a continuous interplay (almost always) decreasing the excesses that file, line extremism, softens belief, off the critical spirit that creates essentially a horizontal hurts the vitality, dynamism and creativity. The pursuit of harmony is often a trap that leads to dispersion of time without increasing participation and enthusiasm, rather fragmented and divided: thus enhance the need of total unconditional but is useful only to those who want to weaken the strength of women. There and everywhere, alone or with their groups, each with its own thought watching with keen interest and curiosity that they have to say the other, is possible, indeed is encouraged.
the cage of the political and media consonance we managed to escape in this March 8 (with events large and small and certain small but present.) And during the preparation of the event in February. Before 13, many are taken by the tight bodies and brains to think up for sale, the insistence on who buys more than on those who sell, placements, political or against Berlusconi outraged moralism or take shelter under the red umbrella, are seemed specious criticism, gauges from bored intellectuals, cultural snobbery and political intervention as they were rather passionate and intelligent and have expanded the square at the same time allowed Giulia Bongiorno intervene from the stage while the extraordinary happening flashmob of 200 women in House. This energy
messy, confusing, contradictory, which is poured out on the streets often have an array antiberlusconiana but it is not the only one. The protesters marked a presence in the area each with its own key in the form of originality in substance (job insecurity, health, environment, sisterhood with immigrants, some have called for demonstrations with the other children refuse to enhance reproductive function, etc. ... there is music, theater, poetry) and this is the process to be supported: enhance the enthusiasm of being there, create a core policy, the exchange will, even the clash, come up with a thought, shape it, be happy that the other does not think like us and hope that they know more and even better. To move forward in the growth of the movement is because of wanting to know what the other wants to say comes from experience and has a value. Feminism for me is first and foremost a genuine concern for women, their thoughts, their actions and their relationships, can not stop in front of the label set with membership criteria of political men. In this sense does not mean uncritical promote cross-fertilization, but not sustain an injury. And of course to stage actions (pre) is powerful to agree on a target – scendere in piazza per esempio – ma che siano minimi e invece sia massimo lo spazio del confronto e della diversità senza asservimento a partiti, segretari di partito, testate giornalistiche, televisive, partiti, regine della doppia militanza (ancora!). Credo sia l’unica via possibile per fare crescere e dare spazio a un ricchissimo soggetto politico diffuso che coltivi orgoglio della differenza (tra noi donne), autonomia di pensiero e di comunicazione per poter, in caso, contrattare con il sistema tradizionale senza ridursi a truppe ausiliare di una politica stanca e incapace.

How To Get In Shape For Lacrosse

partisans of a new Renaissance.

di Angelo d'Orsi

"What country is the one where they kill the poets?", Wondered the anger and pain of Alberto Moravia, November 2, 1975, before the murder of Pier Paolo Pasolini. What country is, we continue to ask. And, terrified, we do not know the answer. This is still there.

And today, in this country, you kill the poetry, culture, education. "The culture you do not eat," he ruled, moreover, with his clucking voice, the minister who manages the financial resources, and that is the real head of government. But the resources are removed to public school, public University, in all institutions culture, our illustrious ruins (which surely someone would like cemented: and so you let it fall apart, former minister almost true Mr. Bondi?), the resources that fall outside the theaters, music, art, cinema, well those resources, mysteriously reappear, when it comes to financing a few friends, or friends of friends, then friends if you are over the Tiber, and dress robes, skirts purple better, then it becomes even more generous.

is true or not and funds from the Ministry of Culture, denied or severely spared to almost all foundations and research institutes, fall like a river on the Pontifical Università Lateranense, detta Pio IX, che ha ingoiato, da sola, la stragrande parte delle risorse destinate alle attività del mondo universitario. Si possono avere lumi, in merito, di grazia?

Un governo della Repubblica, che nega il sostegno alle sue università, alle sue scuole, che cadono a pezzi, dove non ci sono risorse per l’acquisto di carta e penne, dove agli insegnanti si chiede sempre di più per dar loro sempre meno, in termini non solo finanziari, ma di riconoscimento morale. Ebbene quello stesso governo della Repubblica finanzia lautamente una università non soltanto privata, ma espressione di uno Stato sovrano, la Città del Vaticano! E come mai, qui, lords of the Northern League that every day thunder against foreign workers, immigrants taking jobs that "our" (colossal dance), why stop their polemics here? Rhetorical questions, superfluous. We should not expect anything - if not disasters - from this government and its political class.

What we have to consider the 315 deputies who, as one man, automatically, have pretended to believe that the famous phone call to police headquarters in Milan, Silvio, that night of miracles, was made in good faith? That our Prime Minister really wanted to avoid a diplomatic crisis internationally since, in the person of Miss Ruby, none other than the granddaughter of uncle Mubarak.

That vote, I think he represented the true point of no return at least in the history of the Republican Parliament, irrefutable evidence of the moral decay of a squalid political class, ready to be bought by first passing by offering candy, candy called personal favors, called undersecretary, who called President of entities in which they offer chips and benefices; ready, everybody, to let to buy, and indeed often to offer in exchange for vague promises even radio and television programs, or whatever. Maybe even an invitation to the palace, after dinner with the animated "Olgettina" disguised as policemen or nurses complacent ... But what country is this?

A country where, perhaps, most poets do not kill, but kills every day, a civic sense, memory and the same story, reversing the meaning. A country in which you want to erase the sense of belonging to a community built over decades, a community that has meant adherence to values \u200b\u200band principles, not blood and soil, namely the Italian community made up not of those who were born on this earth but who have chosen to live, to learn the language, to help build the identity, to know the ancient history, history of excellence, that once the world envies us, and today, in front of the daily spectacle of inefficiency and arrogance of our governicchio, and before the performance of our Prime Minister, threw him to face that past, saying: "But you as you have fall so low? How could you go from Cavour to Berlusconi? From Mazzini Bossi? From Garibaldi to Russia? Francesco De Sanctis in Mariastella Gelmini? As you can tolerate the destruction or sale of your immense and extraordinary artistic patrimony? "

And we come to the controversy about our shameful Risorgimento. In any other country "civilian" who dared to revoke question the foundations of the state, the foundations of the national community, would be considered a traitor, be punished by law, and the assumption most favorable to him to withdraw the same nationality. Here in the "beautiful country where the" yes "sound", the government is a party that in its foundational paper, in Article 1, proclaimed the secession as a goal. Here is a Minister of the Republic can easily threaten the use of force to implement the so-called independence of Padania (?). And nothing happens.

I do not think showing proceedings against this gentleman, or action to outlaw - as would any other country - a party which proclaimed the secession of a slice of territory, of course the richer, the rest of nazione.Ho called "Risorgimento", the plural is not by chance. Why the controversy antirisorgimentale connects to the one against the Resistance.

are the foundations of Italy who wanted to be modern and progressive, secular and liberal at least: that Italy has adopted a multi-faceted identity, but unitary of Italy that was built not only by battles and glorious episodes, from the dead on the battlefields of Curtatone, or on the Carso, the guerrilla or partisan, but the thousands of victims of hardship and toil in the rice fields of the Po, or in the wheat fields of the tables, or in zolfatare of Sicily, or undeclared work today in Calabria and in Campania.

Italy that fascism has suffered, and he is redeemed thanks to those "handful" as neorevisionisti contemptuously call them, those brave boys and women, those men and women of the Resistance, those whose names are now forgotten by us guilty, face, timidly, greyed on the gravestones at the corners of many of our city and many of our villages. And, lest we forget, from the people's struggle, though animated by heroic minority (just like the Risorgimento), namely the anti-fascist and anti-Nazi resistance, and the arc of the forces that drove, did the Constitution, the founding paper of contemporary Italy. "It's not easy to defend the Constitution itself. The need to defend the citizens," said a few days ago the president of the Constitutional Court, Ugo de Siervo. But I go further: we now can not be content to defend, we must stop to stay holed up in fortresses besieged by Indians, indeed, wrong metaphor.

Indians us: we were locked up in reserves, have left us the right of the remote, we were allowed to change channels, let us jus murmurandi, the right to grumble, and to strike the "Capo" and its grim Janissaries and his merry maidens, for a fee, and each other. Leave us still go to the bookstore to buy some antiberlusconiano pamphlet, and cinema can still see, if we're lucky, few films other than December or cinepanettoni cinevacanza July. And, of course, have a great resource on the Internet, to let off steam. But there is enough, that? We just end up with us today? We just Shake defend the Constitution, with the tricolor flutters? Maybe not.

is important to do, how we do it, but we have to invent other forms of action. We need to talk to those who have not yet understood the importance of mail involved, who does not realize that we are sitting on the edge.

We must be methodical and persevering, must be sharp and combative, and we must attack every day, each working on the ground where he feels at ease, our goal must be informed and the ignorant and shake the sloth. And the latter is more difficult than the first: our aim must be, always, that Gramsci expressed in the famous article that had to finish in Sanremo, to be discovered by a few million Italians and Italian.

hate the indifferent, the cry that was launched in 1917 by Antonio Gramsci, in this city: "I live, sono partigiano!”. Anche noi dobbiamo esserlo: partigiani della verità, partigiani dell’azione, partigiani non solo di una nuova Resistenza, ma di un nuovo Risorgimento. Da Torino, forse, oggi, il modo migliore per celebrare il centocinquantenario, è lanciare un grido: “RisorgItalia!!”.

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Ratzinger's book, the historical Jesus and the "truth" of the Church.

di Don Enzo Mazzi

Rivela un affanno il nuovo libro su Gesù con cui papa Ratzinger si adopera a mostrare e dimostrare la storicità di Cristo e in particolare della morte-resurrezione di lui. Lo ammette chiaramente quando scrive: “la barca della Chiesa … spesso one gets the impression that ought to be sinking. " And here the importance of fully divine and fully human reality of the Savior Jesus

E 'Jesus Christ the only Saviour and the key to universal salvation. And the Catholic Church is governed by the pope and the bishops united with the pope the guardian unique and universal for all ages of the key entrusted to her by Jesus all human searching for the meaning of life and salvation, moral and material would be completely useless without the God who becomes man and offers to sacrifice his life. Two thousand years that these "truths", such absolutes, are repeated identical elements available in different expressive codes translated into tutte le lingue del mondo ma sempre nella sostanza uguali a se stessi: è Gesù l’unico salvatore universale attraverso il suo sacrificio perenne.Di fatto del Gesù storico non si sa quasi nulla. Ormai è un dato acquisito nella teologia biblica non servile.

I Vangeli non sono la storia di Gesù ma la riflessione teologica in forme narrative o rituali delle comunità cristiane del primo secolo in ambiente pagano. Inoltre è accertato ormai che le più antiche testimonianze scritte non sono i Vangeli canonici. Sono le tradizioni dei cosiddetti “loghia”, cioè dei “detti” di Gesù. Che prima sono stati tramandati oralmente nell’ambiente palestinese and then were placed in the Gospels. These "sayings" of Jesus is "the Gospel before the Gospels." Then the gospel of the sayings of Jesus has been lost because they stopped the scribes to make copies as a result of the compilation of the authoritative canon. Today we would say summarily which has been censored. E 'was recovered or rediscovered in 1838, through a delicate work of philology, embedded in the canonical Gospels. E 'was only published in Italian in 2007 by Queriniana in a book by a great specialist, James M. Robinson: The sayings of Jesus

This delay of almost two centuries speaks volumes about the resistance posed by the Church to publish a history book that undermines the dogmatic certainties. Why is this important "Proto-Gospel? Because the image of Jesus that one gets is very different from the one established in the narratives of the canonical Gospels. Above is the picture which emerges from the other of early Christianity. There are stories of miracles that in the background and above all no news of the facts of birth, death and resurrection. This lack of events so crucial to the canonical Gospels and then to the dogma is impressive. The emphasis is not on the person of Jesus but on the message and the movement's messianic commitment to achieving del “Regno di Dio”. Il quale tradotto in termini moderni si potrebbe definire come movimento per un “mondo nuovo possibile”.

Il Gesù del “Proto-Vangelo” è soprattutto un “figlio dell’uomo” che alla lettera può significare “Figlio dell’umanità”, parte di un movimento storico di liberazione radicale. C’è in quel documento solo un’eco flebile del processo di mitizzazione della persona di Gesù che è appena agli inizi e che però presto sfocerà nella divinizzazione. E’ assente l’essere divino-umano, il dio incarnato che si sacrifica per redimere l’umanità peccatrice. Il quale invece sarà poi offerto soprattutto dalla Chiesa di Paolo al mondo pagano avido di sacro e di salvezza mistica.

Ovviamente le persone all’origine di questo Proto-Vangelo, che di bocca in bocca si tramandavano i detti di Gesù, conoscevano la morte di Gesù. Ma per loro la morte del profeta non aveva il significato di sacrificio. Non si sentivano impegnati ad annunciare la morte. “Seguimi e lascia che i morti seppelliscano i loro morti” – è un’affermazione fondamentale del Proto-Vangelo. Non la morte né il sacrificio né il miracolo aveva cambiato la loro vita. Ma il messaggio culturalmente rivoluzionario di Gesù aveva dato un senso nuovo alla loro esistenza; in quello e non nel miracolo trovavano il senso della resurrezione; quel messaggio e l’esperienza di vita che c’era dietro si sentivano impegnati ad annunciare perché cambiasse la vita di molti e trasformasse radicalmente la società dando vita a un mondo nuovo.

La teologia sacrificale del Cristo che salva in quanto Figlio di Dio morto e risorto verrà dopo, quando il cristianesimo dovrà rivolgersi al mondo pagano. Sarà tale teologia la carta vincente, il fulcro del trionfo della nuova religione. Un trionfo però contestato da persone, anche sinceramente credenti, con senso critico, lungo tutta la storia, dall’antichità fino ad oggi, quale tradimento and vitalization of the DNA of the generative movement of Jesus

My Bf Always Places Demands On Me

Life and Death of the car. Interview with Guido Viale.

E 'cumbersome, pollution, making it impossible for the freedom of movement that promises, congested cities, submerging us in traffic jams. Yet the car stands on top of the wish. Viale Guido has dealt with the case a few years ago when it had not yet reached the economic crisis, in an essay titled "Life and Death Car (Bollati Basic Books, pp. 192, € 12).

Also the car does not escape the Law of the throw-away. There is a waste metal left in the landfill?

"The problem exists, but among all those that concern the car is the child. Most of the scrap metal is recovered in a smelter. There is also a European directive that requires, even with long lead times, increasing percentages recovery of materials. The main problem is the disposal of material resulting from crushing of the parties in canvas, plastic and padding, but for this technologies exist to recover from this short should become mandatory. There remain, of course, the carcasses of cars abandoned in the cities and countryside. But the main problem remains the time when cars still remain to clutter the streets. It 's a huge waste of land that is subtracted from other social uses. The most serious consequence of the car is just the saturation of the physical space of the city, for more traffic, even traffic jams, and less to the encounter between humans. If we think about it, is a destruction of sociality. Children no longer play for the road or in polluted urban environments can be so attractive walks. That car was perhaps the first company to experiment with the strategy planned obsolescence of goods. The car is used once and for all, then throws. The average length of a machine in constant decline. "

Why should not we produce vehicles capable of running longer?

"It 's a market choice. Circular time of thirty cars that worked perfectly. Now a machine takes up to ten years, if not scrapped before. Produce consumer goods-term strategy industry's most effective food demand continues. For this is the frequent restyling surface models. The engine and transmission equipment are always the same, only changes the appearance that, then, is what fuels the desires and urges consumers to change models after a few years. The strategy dates back to the conflict between Ford and General Motors. Ford was all the same models, mentre General Motors ha introdotto l'innovazione del restyling dei veicoli ogni due anni. Grazie a questa invenzione è diventata la principale casa automobilistica del mondo e lo è rimasta per cinquant'anni. Oggi, in più, l'obsolescenza dei veicoli è imposta anche per legge con le varie fasce, euro 1, euro 2 e così via."

Si parla di declino dell'auto, ma l'impressione è che si tratti soltanto di un effetto economico della crisi. Il modello culturale dell'auto, invece, sembra tutt'altro che in decadenza. L'automobile continua a essere l'oggetto del desiderio ed è ancora percepita come un simbolo di libertà, o no?

"It is no coincidence that of freedom is the theme on which they insist the more advertising. It shows cars racing in desert cities or the mountains or even in the firmament. But the daily reality is completely different. For millennia, the nobles went to horse and all the others on foot. Man has always had the desire to convert from in Jack Knight. Having a mechanism that responds to your commands, which transports you and obeys you, is the mainspring of the collective. The car dominated the twentieth century is the invention that has most changed the landscape, cities, industry itself, the object more than the others entered the collective imagination as a symbol of freedom. But ormai tutte le città del mondo sono congestionate dal traffico. In Cina l'anno scorso si sono vendute 18 milioni di automobili. A Pechino non si può più circolare. Eppure c'è stato un periodo, nei primi decenni del secolo scorso, in cui la mobilità nelle grandi città occidentali funzionava senza automobili."

Non è così?

"Esistevano il tram e la metropolitana. Non a caso, negli Stati Uniti, è stata imposta l'abolizione del servizio di trasporto pubblico urbano. Le grandi case automobilistiche, Ford e General Motors, hanno prima comprato le società di trasporto e poi le hanno chiuse, costringendo la popolazione to turn in the car. Following the spread of the car has transformed the urban structure. There are many scattered areas today that it is impossible to serve with a mass public transport. It only guarantees a minimum service. There are buses that run empty because the frequencies are too bald. "

electric or hybrid cars may be a solution?

" No, it's an illusion. Again, the problem is the occupation of space, hence there is no escape, whatever the diet. Among other things, to produce nuclear energy must go on. To move the cars renewable energy is never enough. "

We can imagine a model of mobility alternative to the car?

"The introduction of VAT has been made possible by technological innovation of the internal combustion engine. Today we have the new information technologies and communication. Technically, we could even now driving a car without necessarily have one each. Because the cars are still on average 22 hours a day, would be more reasonable to have a public car park and allocated according to the demands and uses. renouncing private property, and thus also to the morbid condition binds us to the car, is can guarantee the same level of mobility, if not better. There would be many fewer vehicles parked, thereby releasing space. Or we can introduce a system of urban transport demand, car sharing or the pollution load of cars is expected to grow to a point of no return. "

Team Soccer Shower Vid

The landfill, open book of capitalism. Use, consumption, reuse.

Piero Bevilacqua

The episode of the Odyssey that Odysseus shows his dog in the act of meeting, on the outskirts of Ithaca - one of the most popular and poignant pieces of world literature - unwittingly gives us invaluable information on the customs and urban the agricultural practices in ancient Greece. At the entrance of the Argo city «[...] now lying there, forgotten, left the master / manure on a lot of mules and oxen, which at the gates / piled up, because then took him / servants to fertilize the great land of Odysseus. "

Testimony, as old, suggesting a general truth: since men live within sedentary forms of economy within a city, they must manage their waste, they are forced to live with them and use techniques of disposal. As is known, a history of long held the city together and the country. A vicenda millenaria di flussi materiali costanti e quotidiani: la città riceveva i frutti della terra, e costituiva il mercato sicuro della produzione agricola, ma restituiva alla campagna i suoi rifiuti organici, le sue deiezioni umane e animali, le sue acque luride, indispensabili per ridare alla terra la fertilità depauperata dallo sfruttamento agricolo intensivo.

Dunque, la parte più rilevante dei rifiuti delle società preindustriali, le sostanze organiche, non finivano in discarica, ma costituivano parte integrale dell'economia del tempo, componente centrale di un circuito ininterrotto di rigenerazione della fertilità della terra. E tale pratica si inscrive come una delle caratteristiche salienti, ormai del tutto obliata, dei modi di produzione precapitalistici. Sistemi economici, questi ultimi, finora studiati per i rapporti sociali di produzione, più che non per i rapporti materiali di riproduzione organica. Vale a dire per gli aspetti di utilizzo della natura nei circuiti della produzione e del consumo. Questa relazione - lo Stoffwechsel mit der Natur, lo «scambio organico» di cui parlava Marx - che sottostà a ogni forma di economia finora conosciuta, non ha avuto sinora una sistematica rappresentazione storica.

Diversamente da quanto molti immaginano, il processo di industrializzazione, che si propagò nelle varie regioni degli Stati europei a partire dal XVIII secolo, non inaugurated the culture once and for all use of materials. In contrast, for a period not short, the development industry is above all a new opportunity for the reuse of organic wastes. The city was returning to the campaign to provide new materials. The panels made by pressing oil seeds, waste processing beer, beet, waste from slaughterhouses, distilleries (potatoes, barley, etc.), and many other waste are widely re-use in animal or in form of manure for fertilization of agricultural soils. Even the Americans of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a culture prone to enthusiastically by consumers, repaired, reused, and so retained away. " Indeed, we know that only very slowly in American industry has penetrated the idea and the concrete planning of programmed death of consumer goods. It was sparsely present in some single observer already in the nineteenth century and then in the twenties of the twentieth century. But Planned obsolescence, the planned obsolescence of goods - as was pointed out recently - was first conceived in the desperate year of 1932. In full, then, the Great Depression.

Although it has also triumphed in the fifties and in the auto industry here, as a new model, both socially and productively, has spread to the remaining industrial activities and all society.

Therefore, it is true, as we know, that capitalism inaugurated a completely new chapter in the relationship between population and resources as well as the size scale of the economic exploitation of nature. Marx and Engels was well heralded in the Manifesto. And it is also true that at that stage to change not only the total quantity of waste, but also their quality, less and less due to the organic world and growing fruit of the industrial metabolism.

belongs less to the general awareness of the fact that the foundational theories of this new mode of production, from Smith to Ricardo to Marx of Capital (but not without contradictions), have canceled because of the role of nature in the process of producing the goods. Both the political economy that his greatest critic, Karl Marx, the driving force behind it was assigned to work in production and capital (which Marx was "job embedded"), wiping out the central role that you play the physical world .

In fact, today's waste problem stems from an historical process of the economy finally removed from each culture and logic of reproduction of the material sources of wealth. The problem is, character and size of the disruption that creates and poses challenges - come abbiamo visto - un fenomeno alquanto recente. Il capitalismo, sviluppandosi secondo la sua intima logica, ma ubbidendo anche a culture unilaterali e alla protervia tecnologica dei suoi ceti dominanti, è approdato nell'ultimo mezzo secolo a un'economia pressoché disancorata da ogni pratica riproduttiva. E operando tale scelta è entrato in una sfera di immiserimento crescente delle fonti della ricchezza, a dispetto della mirabolante cornucopia di merci e servizi che esso riesce a mettere in campo. Dunque, nell'età dello sviluppo il capitalismo ha finito coll'incarnare una dimensione unilaterale e ristretta di economia, che si esaurisce nelle pratiche della produzione, dello scambio mercantile e del consumo.

La sfera della generazione della materia di cui si compongono le merci, che è la sfera della generazione della vita stessa, la natura, è rimasta esclusa da ogni cura e rappresentazione. Eppure - come ha ricordato uno studioso che ha ripensato con lena radicale il rapporto natura/economia, Hans Immler, all'economia spetta «non solo l'organizzazione della riproduzione sociale, ma anche quella fisica; le moderne società industriali sono caratterizzate da una stupefacente trascuratezza delle loro esigenze riproduttive. Esse dispongono di una economia della produzione altamente sviluppata, ma sono al tempo stesso estremamente limitate nelle loro economie di riproduzione».

Il modo capitalist production, in fact, that pours goods and services to an extent incomparable with respect to all past societies, is limited to playing only two factors of economic life: the capital and labor. Nature remains a land of plunder, for which there is no "economy of reproduction." Thus, a major policy issue planted in the heart of society. The elementary function, so to speak excretory of human life, generate waste, forcing us to find out about the inextricably social nature of our being generated right from the basics.

Our waste will inevitably affect the other, come out of our private sphere, affect the kind of social contract that binds the community. And today? It has increased or decreased the Civil Service? It is not for the writer to reconstruct different institutional forms and types of management task of presiding over a growing social significance as well. What we want to emphasize here is that today the presence of the remains of the giant waves that our metabolism is a matter which requires companies to reconsider the logic of capitalism at the root of our time and the entire social organization that matches. The shape and material culture of the landfill is now, even with brand new symbolic meaning, a destruction of wealth disproportionate so as to appear as itself a threat to present prosperity. And mortgage worrying about the future.

Everyone knows the answer, as practiced by the time the most advanced societies to cope with a phenomenon of such vast proportions. With a tried and tested cultural reflection, capitalist society relies on the solution of the challenges that present themselves to a newfound technology. It is an old story. It is always a technical device that must save us, and which must of course leave intact the balance of power, social hierarchies, dominant cultures and mentalities. But above all, has the task of continuing economic growth, because it produces more and more, we consume more and more, there is always more. So will the contemporary superstition.

In our case, the response to the exponential growth of waste assigned to science and technology has a name. It's called incinerator. Now renamed - to ennoble and bring him back in the outlines of a productivist logic - incinerator. But landfill or incinerator, from the point of view it is argued here, makes a very substantial difference. All these arrangements are perfectly intimate internal economic logic that has abandoned any responsibility reproduction of nature. They are based on the cancellation of the original value, and foundation of every economy, the natural material. The broken doll, smashed the chair, the frullatore fulminato, benché abbiano perso il loro originario valore d'uso, non cessano di essere materia, natura inorganica o organica. Questa natura e il suo valore, oltre che la sua storia, viene del tutto obliata quando essa, nella metamorfosi dell'umano consumo, perde il sostrato superficiale della sua utilità strumentale. Ma sotto di questa esiste, e viene perduta, non solo materia, ma anche l'economia, il lavoro umano, l'energia e gli investimenti necessari per sottrarla alla sua matrice originaria, alle miniere, ai pozzi, alle foreste e portarla allo stato di "materia prima" per la lavorazione.

È uno spreco gigantesco, un monumento incancellabile all'opera di distruzione economic agent is now manifest in the development of capitalism. The collection requires, at all, a new collective responsibility, a social discipline, which bends the logical individual to general purpose irrepressible. And at the same time promotes the formation of a new awareness of our relationship with nature.

Select our waste, in fact, imply recognition of the differing quality of materials and their possible transformation and reuse. This selective take care of our waste requires the approval of their economic value, as well as their natural origin. And at the same time projecting the consumer to their new destination production. Who care waste secondary materials prepared by the contractor reimmetterà the production cycle.

Consumers and producers of goods thereby restoring an ancient circle of co-operation from the farming communities around ten thousand years ago. The men return to be so not merely the heatsinks, but the mediators of the metabolism of nature, the center of a continuous process of transformation, production, consumption and regeneration. To take care of nature, rather than destroy it with a machine, it is more useful, more profitable, cheaper. The same social cooperation, the compact organization of differentiated waste disposal, it is more useful, more convenient and more economical over the life organized. The domain destroys the carefully produced.

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products, goods, people and nature.

Massimo Scalia

Kenneth Boulding was the first economist to criticize the consumption patterns of his country, the United States, proposing explicitly to the industrialized world a type of economy that was extremely careful to control the flow of materials, their use and their reuse or recycling. In this short essay of 1965 he used a metaphor that clearly translated the many aspects of the problem, pointing out the urgency to move the economy of the "cowboy" than the "Spacecraft".

no coincidence Boulding was sarcastic on the concept of GDP and sull'idolatria that was accorded. Of course, this area had the largest audience in the '68 Bob Kennedy, with his critical and ironic at the same time inspired, the fact remains that the first Earth Day, which was celebrated in 1970 with a major event in New York, to assume Space ship earth as its slogan, the title of the essay by Boulding. In 1972, the study group of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) directed by Danny Meadows, along the lines of the previous model developed by Forrester, acquired world fame: A limit to growth, which according to the evolution of five parameters Fundamental (22 in the more complex model) showed that it was sufficient for the death of the biosphere the uncontrolled growth of just one of those parameters (population growth, energy consumption, pollution).

Amid some skepticism, especially in Italy in the cultural and political left, was a reflection that the proposal would have the field in all the decades that followed: the physical limits of growth based on the pillage of natural resources, natural .

Just one year earlier, Georgescu-Roegen had somehow tried to apply the principles of physical economy to try to quantify and model laws "rules" what, exactly, those of thermodynamics, the senseless act in consumption of natural resources owned by all people. Undoubtedly noble intentions, to attempt a difficult and largely failed, however, was that fruitful discussion and development: it is in 1980 that Herman Daly, a disciple of Georgescu, proposes an economic model of "steady state" as a regulator of a relationship between non-destructive man, its production and consumption activities and resources of nature, including the great cycles through which guarantees the preservation and development of living. At the end of the 80s is a German philosopher, Hans Jonas, which raises the moral question, not only with respect to the debt due to the future generations, but directly on the biosphere, because it is too intense the pace at which industrial civilization has robbed and injured in the last two centuries, the nature and continues to do so with an acceleration that knows no rest.

It is no coincidence that in these few hints will not find the name of a Marxist philosopher of culture, nor would broaden the search. For two basic reasons. The first is that Marx himself, who is also attracted to this aspect of classical economics, had no concept of economy in relation all'esauribilità of many of the resources that underlie it: illuminating criticism of Malthus and his hypothesis unlimited population growth, bad for other reasons, that would put a strain on available materials economy.

Then there is a theoretical concept in Marx, which sees in man, in the class in reality, the protagonist of the story which should be subject to any natural availability. The interplay between "productive consumption" and "consumer production", celebrated in Chapter VI "new" Capital, testify not only a vision of classical economics, but also a relationship between man and nature that does not deviate from the rule of man the nature of the second strand is present in the myth of Prometheus in the Judeo-Christian thought. But half of the '800 sarebbe stato in effetti troppo pretendere una consapevolezza sui limiti fisici della crescita in nome di un miglior rapporto con la natura.Certo, sembra di cogliere in qualche modo una contraddizione tra questa visione e, invece, l'attenzione, l'analisi scrupolosa volta a determinare i diversi materiali e il lavoro incorporato in ogni componente che porta infine al bene prodotto, alla merce. Questa attenzione aveva tra le sue motivazioni il riuscire a vincere la scommessa del definire il prezzo della merce proprio a partire dal capitale costante, dal capitale variabile e da quel "plusvalore", che avrebbe dato quantificazione e valore "scientifico" allo sfruttamento dell'uomo sull'uomo come si realizza nella società capitalistica.

It 'strange that this problem - the transformation of value in prices - and this type of analysis that have been subjected to an age-old debate - Boehm-Bowerk, Tugan-Baranovsky and so forth up to Sraffa - have been sidelined plan that very matter of flow and processing of materials for the measure of labor incorporation, which would lead to greater attention to the nature and property it provides. Singles as well as the fact that solved the problem, no one has cared that much, leaving a shadow the brilliant "reconstruction" made by Marcello Cini.

The second reason is that attitude that has served the Marxian cover a certain perfunctory abruptness with which the reasons for development of the working class were almost the same as the reasons for the quantitative production. There was then time to fuss with the efficient use of resources, their preservation and protection. That, more recently, has also fueled the conflict between environment and work on several occasions by the condition of the workers a "rampart" of the interests of the owner.

and 'culture' industrial ', which for decades has been, if not dominant in the major political parties of the left and most of our union. Even today, when it receives notice of the inadequacy of that culture, ne rimangono i riflessi. Forse è questo che spinge a uniformare la crisi ambientale alla crisi economica, finanziaria, industriale e sociale.

Si perde allora la diversa scala temporale e la diversa intensità di questi fenomeni, che colpiscono immediatamente con l'evidenza dei posti di lavoro che mancano, soprattutto per i giovani, dell'impoverimento generale, del precariato, della mancanza di futuro.

Tutte situazioni drammatiche che fanno però in qualche modo velo al fatto che il modello energetico ad alta concentrazione cui siamo abituati, e che facciamo tanta fatica a cambiare, ha innescato, a causa dell'enorme ricorso ai combustibili fossili, an increase of the greenhouse forcing that action as to be pushed from stability to instability and its climate cycles. We're going through. It will change dramatically the way we see and live, if not act very decisively in the next ten years.

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by Federal welfare. Municipalities in the viewfinder.

Democracy first: this is the "heart" of the National Assembly organized by the Fds yesterday in Bologna to discuss the upcoming elections. No coincidence that the choice of the Emilian city, once capital of the Left and now undeniable - as emphasized by Jordan Ross and Raphael K. Salinari of local Fds - Commissioner and marked by disconnection between politics and society. Appointment answered many, including directors, officers of the forces of alternative left, members of associations, movements and networks of citizens, representatives of the center (Pd, IDV, Sel).

Gianluigi Pegolo in the explanatory memorandum, presented the proposals of the Federation, starting from the dramatic situation in which they are local. Cuts, Stability and federalism consistently go to make a vise, with the aim of draining the decision-making and democratic spaces of Commons. Speaking about local means the need to focus opposition to the government Berlusconi and the unification of the struggles. Participation and moral issue, public policy against the crisis, commons and anti-privatization of local public services, defense of welfare: the coordinates of the bottom of the FDS program point to a reversal of the policies of the right and characterization of the progressive Democratic administrations.

Pegolo brought to the forces of the center to reflect on the primary, because it revived an idea of \u200b\u200bcollective political and territorial roots. Marco Bersani, the forum moves to water, has highlighted the decision of Commons and depletion of local water, waste, energy, public transport are in the hands of boards of directors, no one elected, Spa and multi-utilities. Also for this reason the referendum is a great opportunity, because a victory would rekindle the spark of participation and social conflicts that cross the country.

would mean returning to rule the citizens and the territories instead of Mayors "sheriff". Franco Russo, the Association for Constitutional Democracy, explained the real reasons of Italian Federalism: the search for total autonomy of the economically strongest areas and killing all relations with the rest of the country. Why not just opposition to all institutional, but we need a real political alternative.

Silvana Cesani, Council for Social Services of the City of Lodi, and Donatella Mungo, Minister for the Budget of the City of Imola, have also stressed the centrality of the relationship between municipalities and regions. Investing in the welfare and provide effective responses to social needs also means working for the maintenance of democracy and collective ties. Maurizio Cecconi Network (Secular) and Rita Scapinelli (Fds Municipal Councillor of Goito) have raised the issue of protection of the public school as a priority for local authorities and to build truly inclusive policies. Not by chance that Lay Network launched this week in a referendum Bologna City, supported in part by the Fds, for the repeal of the funding to private schools.

The candidate of the center of Bologna Virginio Merola - with which the FDS has been discussing the programmatic priorities - has declared its interest in the debate on the initiative and fought for the centrality of the public school. Don Zappolini drew attention to the past and the need for a comprehensive idea of \u200b\u200bpolitics that finally comes out from the rooms and buildings. The real danger, otherwise, is that the crisis will destroy the welfare system and many experiences from civil society.

Massimo Rossi put the knot of the incompatibility between the FDS and most of the policies of the center, also marked the opening locally to individuals and the market. So the next alternative is to have the courage to say no and to build roads. Brusco, provincial administrator in Rovigo, spoke on health and participation of citizens in the improper payment of social welfare services, while Monica Donini, Councillor Emilia-Romagna Fds, highlighted the failure of environmental policies even in regions administered by the center.

Conclusions Cesare Salvi, speaking with the plurality of voices raised in the debate, he left the defense of the Constitution. Good Part of the proposals, in fact, refer to the contents of our Charter. E 'move from here that we must work for the unity of the left - and where there are conditions - for democratic unity. Although there will be the premier, local elections are an opportunity to give a signal and show that there is a country that does not fit and does not resign.

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Nuclear Japanese events remind us of the serious risks.

Alfiero Department

Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan cause for dismay. The reactions can not be that of solidarity and support to the Japanese people affected by this tragedy.
In this tragedy there is an event that speaks directly to Italy: they are the consequences of accidents in nuclear power plants. I'm still not clear all the consequences, including the reluctance of the government. It 's a fact that the incidents were, however, hour after hour, more and more serious, until the evacuation of tens of thousands of people and the release of radioactivity to which for now do not know the exact severity.
The Italian government has resorted to a vote of confidence to re-introduce nuclear power in Italy should reflect the light of events in Japan.
The Italian government should decide to suspend the nuclear program, or at least until a blocking implementation of the forthcoming referendum that aims to erase the law 99/2009, waiting for the verdict of the voters.
So far the government has proven to be afraid of the referendum and prefers to throw out the window of € 300 million just to avoid a successful referendum. This can be done to coincide with local elections a referendum to save 300 million, but the Executive knows that nuclear power has been approved by parliament alone imposing it by a vote of confidence and that the majority are still against it. The nuclear option has been made under pressure from the Italian and international lobby's business relies on the nuclear deal, in defiance of the outcome of the referendum of 1987, with rates up to 80% who spoke out for the exit from nuclear power. There
first of all a democratic question. Can a parliament like this, more blackmailed by a vote of confidence, overturning the vote of the citizens?
At this point the end of the next referendum abrogation must be used to stop the crazy choice of the government to return to nuclear power plants in Italy and to dispel a public good like water. There is an obvious synergy between the referendum to ensure that water remains a public good and what to block the nuclear option.
reach the quorum in the referendum is the most difficult to overcome, so the fact the Government has chosen to boycott the vote.
to vote and contribute to the quorum is a good antidote to the alienation election for two decades is affecting our country. Why nuclear power is to be secured? First of all, for reasons of cost. Enel has tried to show that nuclear power should, but it also told bales on the real cost of building new power plants. In 2009, Enel said that a new central EPR would cost three billion euro. Faced with the explosion of the costs of prototypes Finnish and French had to raise the figure to four billion. In fact, the real cost is now eight billion euro in Central Europe. With these costs is not possible to produce electricity at prices lower than current sources, they will be even greater.
not true that Italy would be even more energy-independent, why should we import almost everything, certainly the most sophisticated technologies and fuel. In addition, the nuclear fuel is available for several decades, just as oil and other fossil fuels. 200 entrepreneurs as they said, before signing Pasquale Pistorio, investing over 30 billion in nuclear power plants for the first 4 would mean de facto blocking investments in energy saving and renewable. Italy does not have the resources to do everything. Enel confirms that he has sold part of its renewable energy to reduce its debt and then throw in expensive nuclear adventure.
Nuclear power plants are large concentrations of business investment, and then, with all the consequential concerns. Mentre il risparmio energetico e le energie rinnovabili si spandono su migliaia di investimenti e di operatori diffusi.
Il nucleare è pericoloso. Lo smaltimento delle scorie radioattive non è stato risolto in alcun paese al mondo. Si aggiunga il problema delle scorie accumulatea dalle centrali dismesse e quello dei siti in cui sono costruite.
Ci sono scorie che rilasceranno radiazioni per decine di migliaia di anni, alcune tipologie per centinaia di migliaia. Costruendo le centrali condanneremmo le future generazioni a convivere con i pericoli e le conseguenze di queste scelte per tempi maggiori di quelli della storia umana conosciuta.
Questo è il peggior regalo che le attuali generazioni possono fare a quelle che verranno.
Dopo Three miles Island and Chernobyl, there is now a serious accident in Japan. Not to mention many other incidents, fortunately less serious news which are hidden. For example, in France there have been 19 accidents in the first two months of the year.
The dangers are not represented only by accident. The power plants release radiation during their normal operation, as shown in various investigations. The latest research was carried out in Germany and found in areas close to nuclear power plants, an increase of 2.2 times of leukemia in children.
advantage of the Libyan crisis and rising oil prices returned to the nuclear attack, failing to say that nuclear power plants are not the solution, perchè anche il più ottimista tra loro ammette che prima del 2020 non entreranno in funzione. Fino al 2020 che facciamo ?
In realtà la soluzione dei problemi energetici è data risparmio energetico e dalle fonti rinnovabili perchè non dipendono da vicende internazionali, perchè possono essere introdotte in tempi brevi, con investimenti più limitati e con risultati occupazionali 15/20 volte maggiori del nucleare. Il Governo, come è noto, sta facendo il contrario, rischiando così di compromettere lo sviluppo delle rinnovabili per favorire l'avventura nucleare. Solo puntando su risparmio energetico e rinnovabili potremmo essere pronti per gli appuntamenti del 20/20/20 concordati con l'Europa.
Se il Governo, come is likely, it will ignore every principle of precaution will require the reinforcement of the mobilization to reach the quorum and win the referendum on nuclear power, as well as the public good on the water.

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Libya, the war and the rights of peoples.

Francesco Martone

For weeks now arrive daily dramatic news from Libya. In a script known as the winds and the unofficial official language, it sketches out the information and the counter, you brush up on old ideological paraphernalia to justify a possible military action or condemn it a priori as an imperialist war. While discussing di “no fly zone”, “no drive zone”, gli alti quadri della NATO iniziano a studiare piani, le diplomazie si lanciano in febbrili consultazioni e tentativi.
Ci viene dapprima proposta la retorica umanitaria, i “genocidi”, i paralleli con il Kossovo o il Ruanda, le inesistenti fosse comuni, o bombardamenti a tappeto contro civili. Un battage necessario per predisporre l’opinione pubblica all’uso delle armi. Quelli di Aavaz scatenano poi le loro truppe telematiche che inviano fino a 600mila email alle Nazioni Unite invocando l’imposizione della “no fly zone”. Mica uno scherzo, come ammette anche il Segretario alla Difesa Robert Gates, per imporla si devono bombardare le artiglierie Libyan anti-aircraft.
And then if you start with the "no fly zone" does not go where it ends, most likely in a new quagmire of Afghanistan, if anything, the "no fly zone" had never been intended to protect civilians. Perhaps this is the oblivious cyberattivisti not known. While international diplomacy, the press and the public is engaged with the dramatic events of Libya, Côte d'Ivoire is taking another war - which makes us wonder again about the risks and dilemmas of humanitarian intervention - and in which the France had already used military force ("raid targeted" included).
And President Sarkozy, after acknowledging unilaterally the Provisional Government of Benghazi, proposes "targeted raids." Dall'Eliseo warm up the muscles in an attempt to play, after the failure of the creature of the French president - the 'Mediterranean Union, the role of playmaker in the region, bypassing the EU, whose foreign ministers were meeting in the same hours of His announcement in Brussels. This declaration, made in parallel with the recognition of the rebel government, in fact the center of gravity shifts from the hypothetical defense of civilian populations, the deployment is near one of the conflicting parties in a civil war. What is sold as a humanitarian intervention can be turned into support for a regime change, thus precluding any possible mediating role on the part of those who draws close to one of the warring parties. In this context
confused and frantic to be emphasized, however, that many have denied the possibility of intervening without UN backing, but nothing more. Yet even a think-tank certainly not pacifist or "left" such as the International Crisis Group has changed its mind: it offers over the "no fly zone", but is now seeking a bilateral ceasefire and international negotiations. Apart from the proposal for international mediation of Chavez, the President of the Maldives to a peacekeeping force of UN peacekeepers, and the adoption - with some year or so too late - of economic sanctions ed embargo alle armi, nessun altro passo è stato però fatto per evitare di dare come ultima istanza la parola alle armi.
Per questo è urgente lanciare la proposta di una possibile soluzione pacifica e diplomatica, della quale potrebbero farsi carico paesi delle due sponde mediterranee, con l’invio di una missione di mediatori indipendenti, l’ONU potrebbe attivarsi attraverso una risoluzione del Consiglio di Sicurezza o direttamente attraverso l’Assemblea Generale, usando la risoluzione Uniting for Peace. Obiettivo quello di dare mandato alla mediazione internazionale e inviare un contingente di caschi blu per monitorare il cessate il fuoco, fornire assistenza umanitaria, indagare i crimini commessi nel conflitto, se necessario sotto protezione armata. Insomma piuttosto che cedere alla suggestione della forza, per sostenerne o meno l’uso, sarebbe doveroso impegnarsi a discutere su come portare la pace in Libia attraverso il rispetto della legalità, del diritto internazionale, e la diplomazia. L’unica via possibile.

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cure, not to force.

“Eutanasia” è una parola greca che significa “buona morte”, oggi la parola significa “morte anticipata” rispetto alle residue risorse dell’organismo, grazie alle possibilità rese disponibili dalla tecnica medica.
Poichè la tecnica medica è in continua evoluzione, sempre the harder it is to distinguish the duty of care dall'accanimento therapy. Medicine has created a split between life and death during which an organic life lasts a lifetime or in the absence of cognitive or in conflict with the endurance of the patient, which in some cases leading to the request to die. Umberto Veronesi
writes in "The Right to Die" euthanasia can only speak in the second case above in which: "It follows the free will expressed by a patient to end his life when there are some conditions that make unbearable. "
What is life? The simple animation of matter, as one might say per certe esistenze tenute appunto “in vita” dalla strumentazione tecnologica, o il rispetto dell’individuo, della sua coscienza?
Personalmente penso che l’eutanasia non metta in gioco il valore della vita, ma il valore dell’individuo che, in certe condizioni, può non ritenersi più degno di sè.
A questo punto perchè bisogna morire solo per cause organiche sotto l’unica giurisdizione della scienza medica? La morte è un evento che riguarda solo il mio organismo oppure riguarda la mia vita, che non è fatta solo di “corpo”, ma soprattutto di vissuti, di amori, di amicizie, e perchè no di rispetto di sè? Certo che l’organismo è la condizione of life, but life can not be solved only in the proper functioning of my organs.
And when the organs function only because of medical technology, only to die you must wait for their final collapse?
I wish death to become familiar with life, which does not close as an event unrelated loves and friendships, but be accompanied by love and friendships for which and with which he lived.
Death "human" as distinct from the "organic".
is why it is important to support doctors and health workers who do not want a law making it compulsory to keep alive with amazing technologies, those who have decided to refuse any treatment, as a private from any possible hope of recovery.
"I do not force myself, I care", the name of the appeal brought by the CGIL-FP and FP CGIL Doctors on the Ddl Calabrò on living wills. The objectives of the campaign, the collecting of the places of work in health and awareness of an issue of extraordinary importance, and then deliver to the President of the Chamber, Gianfranco Fini, in April, the signatures collected before the end of ' passage of the draft bill.
A battle of civilizations in other words.

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More power to the government?

Niccolò Della Lucilla

Berlusconi keeps complaining the lack of executive power, arguing that the government, as a constitutional organ, has only "the image of power," and when he was an entrepreneur could do what he wanted, and was regarded with respect and reverence by politicians from other entrepreneurs as well as by their own employees. The system of checks and balances characteristic of parliamentary democracies wanted by our founding fathers, entrusted the appointment of the Prime Minister with the authority of Parliament with a view very clear.
In principle, the indirect election of the Prime Minister intended to appoint persons of high profile, characterized primarily by political and moral qualities such as to be above suspicion, without any potential "skeletons in the closet" may affect the business of government. And if the questionable past of the man chosen to chair the Government emerged as a result, the Parliament at any time the right and the duty to replace him for the good of the country. The election of Alcide De Gasperi in 1948 was dictated by the need to put a great man, recognized as such by all, the leadership of a country destroyed and on the brink of civil war.
Instead, when the Parliament does not follow this criterion, the consequences have been detrimental to its own members. The election of Craxi was determined at the start with good intentions, in because, after 40 years of political stagnation Democrat, emerged the need to put a man at the helm of the Government then considered a moderate liberal. When there was evidence of inappropriate choice, the Parliament took place not only discouraged, but made the further mistake of denying the authorization to proceed when evidence emerged of criminal offenses with sufficient clarity. Nevertheless, the Parliament could not then be prevented from recognizing mistakes and ensure that situations like those that occurred will not be repeated. With this in mind that immunity was in fact abolished the parliamentary founding fathers had intended just for that transitional moment in history it was in Italy (fall of fascism and the end of the war).
In the Italian political scene then there have been cases in which Parliament has taken the responsibility, to deal with emergencies very specific, call the guidance of long-standing government policy, but full-blown technical expertise and responsibility. Just think about the appointment of the then "technical" Giuliano Amato, called to preside over the Government to save Italy from bankruptcy, with the creation of the largest and most unpopular budget package that the Italian government had ever made in its history, or Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, to allow it to enter the Euro. A closer look otherwise happened in Europe. Just think about the appointment by the British Parliament by Margaret Thatcher, when the British economy was plunged into an unprecedented economic morass. The British leader, thanks to its independence from any external influences and was able to take very unpopular economic measures, and also creating the social disasters, but always with the conviction to be operating in the collective interest ..
All these characters have ruled in dell'illibatezza awareness of their past, in order to be solely and exclusively in the service of their country without fear of blackmail potential that could undermine the effectiveness of governi da loro presieduti.
Alla luce di questi principi si può affermare che il Parlamento di una democrazia parlamentare non detiene solamente la funzione legislativa, ma è anche titolare di una funzione di garanzia nei confronti e a favore dell’esecutivo stesso.
L’aver voluto cambiare questo assetto introducendo surrettiziamente l’elezione diretta del premier tramite l’indicazione del nome sulla scheda elettorale, è stato un modo subdolo per volere espropriare il Parlamento da questa cruciale funzione di garanzia.
Solo oggi si possono vedere quelle disastrose conseguenze che i nostri padri costituenti vollero scongiurare. Colui che sarebbe stato scelto direttamente dal popolo, si è insediato al Governo scegliendosi first-MPs, making them de facto employees. And always the one who has managed, with a coup to enslave the Parliament, now even complains of the lack of executive powers have proposed the resolution of this alleged problem with unhealthy constitutional reforms, which have far-reaching as the likes of authors Calderoli and Bossi, pace of our founding fathers and the likes of Peter Calamandrei Umberto Terracini.
E 'paradoxical then that the premier "halved" to make nostalgic references to its history as an entrepreneur, pretending not to know that in any corporation, who also holds full economic powers is subject to a concrete action for liability for the misdeeds committed, a situation which is intended to prevent those with constitutional reforms.
In fact the reasons that now lead to complaints sull'assetto move the constitutional prerogatives of the state bodies have deeper causes. The strength of power does not derive only from the Articles of the Constitution, indeed, comes first on the degree of independence and authority of one who is called upon to take decisions solely in the interests of the community. All those who have positions of income for favors granted in the past or those who are aware of illegal or morally questionable, they always have the ability and strength to influence the activity of any nurse on duty.
The paradox of the Italian situation further is that he who has succeeded in creating a parliament composed of a majority of persons appointed by him, he even complained that it limits the affixes in the activity to be performed. And this has become even more obvious in recent months. The recent purchase of a number of parliamentarians to hold the leader "halved" in Palazzo Chigi, in fact is an additional factor conditioning and limiting the power of the executive. Parliament, a forum to ensure the independence of the executive body has become a blackmailer, a true short-circuit democratico.
Chi attualmente si lamenta per la mancanza del potere del Governo, dovrebbe essere il primo a dare le dimissioni, per consentire o l’insediamento di un altro governo con i pieni poteri costituzionalmente garantiti, oppure di consentire ai cittadini la possibilità di eleggere un nuovo Parlamento, composto questa volta da uomini indipendenti e liberi, se non altro anche per ricordare ai cittadini che la precarietà del lavoro riguarda in Italia tutti i lavoratori dipendenti, anche quelli di Berlusconi in Parlamento.

Swot Analysis For Some Salons

development and crisis. Fictitious growth and decrease of Serge Latouche

Proponiamo un'intervista all’economista e filosofo francese, teorico della “decrescita”. Serge Latouche is a lanky and very kind gentleman who embodies with his theory of decline, linked to every possible imaginary "quality of life" which was conceived and championed in recent decades. He did not and do not use the phone and traveling without laptop, uses the correspondence by mail but only at his home in Paris. It is an economist, but as you know "preaches" the output from the economy they see as a historical category conventional built to speak of phenomena experienced, not eternal and unchanging essence. So, against all "principle" economic growth seen in the enemy of humanity. Many consider him a madman, especially left, and others, on the left, consider him a prophet. In fact, his theory is much less imaginative of the Vulgate ecologist, has solid economic fundamentals, but also philosophical and sociological in his latest book, "As you exit the consumer society" (Bull Hogarth Press, pp. 192, € 16), describes paths that are on the whole sensible and realistic and do not have much in common with the idea of \u200b\u200ba return to the kind of bucolic medieval subjective and sometimes can be found embodied in some of his "followers".

Professor Latouche, in his latest book, she seems quite satisfied with the economic crisis that seems to confirm his predictions. But sui giornali leggiamo che ci sono segnali di ripresa…
"No, io sono convinto che la crescita è finita e non riprenderà mai. Ma non parlo di quest’ultima crisi. La crescita è finita negli anni Settanta, più precisamente nel ’75. Dopo di allora abbiamo vissuto una finta crescita, una crescita fittizia, grazie alla magia del responsabile della Fed, Greenspan. Naturalmente gli indici del Pil hanno continuato a crescere, ma il benessere no, non è cresciuto. Abbiamo vissuto la vera crescita tra il 1945 e il 1975, un periodo che ha portato reale benessere nelle case dei lavoratori, ma dopo la crisi del fordismo la produttività non è più cresciuta come prima e il degrado dell’ambiente è stato talmente strong that even at the end of the month was up to employees higher wages, but the costs occasioned by pretending they were always the strongest growth in benefits. For this reason I say that since then has been a growing port. A little 'as the light that we see yet, but that comes from stars off. Since 2007, the so-called subprime crisis after September 16, 2008 and the failure of Lehman Brothers, one can no longer hide the fact that we live in a society of growth without growth. "
Governments have tried everything to save
the situation ... "Yeah, they spent twenty-four thousand billion dollars to save the financial system, one third of global GDP, a huge thing, fatta da governi che non trovano cento milioni di dollari per salvare lo stato sociale, la scuola, la sanità. Ma sono interventi che se pure massicci, creano una finta ripresa: la speculazione immobiliare è ripresa, la speculazione nelle borse è ricominciata, ma durerà poco ed è molto, molto fragile. Del resto, il prezzo del barile di petrolio è già salito moltissimo e nessun governo osa frenare ciò che con evidenza è solo frutto di speculazione."
La situazione mediorientale non aiuta. Era prevedibile l’esplodere delle rivolte nel Maghreb e ora in Libia?
"La situazione mediorientale era oggettivamente esplosiva ed è esplosa, ma non è questo che ha grandi effetti sulla crisi economica. Anche the situation in Libya is not a big problem, Libya is the largest oil producer, is an accidental effect is not particularly significant. "
The crisis is still an opportunity for reflection. It may be that incentive to consider more carefully the reasons for the decline?
"I do not think. The opportunity to think out there, there have been over the decades. At that point we can say that we are obliged to fall? In my opinion, this point was passed long ago. But we have a great ability to hide things, to do the ostrich policy. "
In his latest book, she says you have to subtract the money to the banks, and talks about the experience of small communities that have embraced the theory and practice of decrease, the spirit rejoins the experiences of English utopians such as those told by William Morris' News from Nowhere. " She describes as "his" utopia decrease. But perhaps there is more need of political utopia.
"But politics does not make sense without utopia! Socialism for two centuries has been a utopia but has had political effects, fed election programs. It continues to do so."
Socialism has made terrible effects produced and killed
freedom ... "Yes, this happened in the East, but socialism has also made We, in the social democracies of northern Europe, a model in the European left has yet to nostalgia. I certainly do not enhance those experiences, those were also the consumer society because they had accepted the capitalist system and the pervasiveness of the market. I just wanted to say that utopia of socialism has been partially achieved, produced the programs, not always good, but for Europe also had positive effects. For me the design of the decline is a real utopia. I've said before: no utopia policy would not make sense, we need to have a prospect of change. In my next book I make a distinction between myth and utopia. I call the myth as something unrealistic, che può essere strumentalizzato a fini negativi: il mito della razza, per esempio, utilizzato dal nazismo, ma anche i miti del socialismo, penso a George Sorel, al mito dello sciopero generale… Il mito è pericoloso perché serve a manipolare le persone. L’utopia della società della decrescita si fonda su dati che possono farla funzionare. Se la vogliamo, quest’altra società è possibile. Naturalmente dobbiamo volerla, non sono affatto sicuro che si realizzerà, ma non è un’idea astratta e impossibile da concretizzare e può servire da guida per la politica, ad esempio, per costruire un programma politico per le prossime elezioni."
Come ci si può “riappropriare” della Money?
"It is a concrete stage of society in decline. It's hard to think but not to achieve small levels and running already. There are a lot of local currencies that work well. In Switzerland there is a wir that is used between contractors, is an alternative currency. At the level of local exchanges there are several. Even in Italy, Aspromonte in the park when he was chairman Tonino Perna, there was ecoaspromonte, a local currency for the park. Argentina, after the peso crisis, has survived thanks to local currencies. I say that money is a common thing, a very important thing that you should not be left to bankers. You must remove it from the banks, finance, and return to society through the action of local authorities. "
The decrease is related to ecology, but ecology often start diktat illiberal.
" Ecology is both a science and a political movement. Scientists think they know the truth and when someone thinks he knows the truth there is no room for democracy. It is a wrong way, even if there is an important part of scientific ecology, because the issue is not about saving the planet, the planet will save itself alone, it is about saving humanity. And to save humanity must ask men to participate in a project, if they want. You can not force them. Men may prefer to commit suicide. In the meetings that I do around Europe it often happens that someone says, but no, we go on like this until the end, everything we consume and goodnight. We can not save humanity against his desire to commit suicide. The problem, in my opinion, is that consumption does not make us all happy: this is the most important dimension is the starting point of the project of decrease that to me is more important than the ecological dimension. But even if mine is a strong belief we are facing a phenomenon of drug addiction. The consumer society is an addict of consumption, can know that is not good but can not do otherwise. It is a drug problem, and there are two actors. The traffickers, the big corporations that make profits and do not want to give up, and drug addicts, we, who are simultaneously victims and accomplices. Only under severe threat will undertake a cure. "
We need a shock. Do you think the economic crisis is not enough?
" The crisis was a shock, but I think only the last four years: the crisis is not only financial and economic and ecological crisis, social crisis, cultural crisis, we are indeed at the beginning of a crisis of civilization. In Western history we have only one example, very complicated, which is the fall dell’impero romano, il passaggio alla società cristiana. Ma questo processo si è svolto in tre-quattro secoli, forse di più. La nostra crisi di civiltà inizia negli anni Settanta, come dicevo, e oggi è già palpabile; comunque sarà molto più veloce perché in un modo o nell’altro ne usciremo prima del 2050, quando si stima che avverrà l’esaurimento delle risorse energetiche fossili."
Se questa che viviamo è una crisi di civiltà, dobbiamo aspettarci un lungo periodo di barbarie?
"Ma le nuove barbarie sono già qui. Si chiamano Berlusconi, Sarkozy, Marchionne… Si capisce che la barbarie può peggiorare, si possono espellere più immigrati, deportare more rom, make more semi-slave laborers, and so on, and this probably will happen in very little. There are one hundred thousand Egyptian press outside of Italy. What will the Italian government? Concentration camps, I guess. This is called barbarism, or not? So we are faced with a choice: either the barbarity, or the company's decline. I call it as a frugal society of abundance, it seems a paradox but it is not. If we understand that ours is a society of abundance but of frustration, we also understand that the only opportunity to create wealth is thrift. If we restrict all our needs then we can satisfy them, and this is mathematically as possible. "
How can one talk of decline and the workers laid off workers who want to work and therefore the development?
" You have to explain to them that is not true that the development produces work. Is not the development that creates jobs. The development was the solution to the crisis of the postwar period to allow profits to increase wages and so too, but all this is over. We must find a way out because there will be a return to work, it will become a scarce resource and we must share it. Less work all work and basic income. We must put pressure on the states through political programs. We must seek to reduce working hours to provide work to all and raise taxes on financial profits, because we got to the huge levels of inequality. This has left the great responsibility he has accepted the paradigm of infinite progress without wondering where it would bring. "
She speaks of the spirit of the gift within the project of decrease, as recognition of ecological debt, and gives it a first philosophy , that of being. What do you mean?
"I want to say that we live in a world abounding in natural means of subsistence, but were commodification, they have been established for the convenience of the limited few and has also been decided to not consider the other side of the production merchant, that is, waste, pollution, disruption of ecosystems. So the company has shown growth of "forgetting" to be. Denied our situation in a world that is generous and limited at the same time. It is as if negassimo our human condition. In my idea of \u200b\u200bdecline is the spirit of giving in social relations as a reminder of what the Greeks had caritas, philia, mentioned by Marcel Mauss. This friendship, this community. Concepts necessary to avert the destructive drive of any democratic society. "