E 'cumbersome, pollution, making it impossible for the freedom of movement that promises, congested cities, submerging us in traffic jams. Yet the car stands on top of the wish. Viale Guido has dealt with the case a few years ago when it had not yet reached the economic crisis, in an essay titled "Life and Death Car (Bollati Basic Books, pp. 192, € 12). Also the car does not escape the Law of the throw-away. There is a waste metal left in the landfill?
"The problem exists, but among all those that concern the car is the child. Most of the scrap metal is recovered in a smelter. There is also a European directive that requires, even with long lead times, increasing percentages recovery of materials. The main problem is the disposal of material resulting from crushing of the parties in canvas, plastic and padding, but for this technologies exist to recover from this short should become mandatory. There remain, of course, the carcasses of cars abandoned in the cities and countryside. But the main problem remains the time when cars still remain to clutter the streets. It 's a huge waste of land that is subtracted from other social uses. The most serious consequence of the car is just the saturation of the physical space of the city, for more traffic, even traffic jams, and less to the encounter between humans. If we think about it, is a destruction of sociality. Children no longer play for the road or in polluted urban environments can be so attractive walks. That car was perhaps the first company to experiment with the strategy planned obsolescence of goods. The car is used once and for all, then throws. The average length of a machine in constant decline. "
Why should not we produce vehicles capable of running longer?
"It 's a market choice. Circular time of thirty cars that worked perfectly. Now a machine takes up to ten years, if not scrapped before. Produce consumer goods-term strategy industry's most effective food demand continues. For this is the frequent restyling surface models. The engine and transmission equipment are always the same, only changes the appearance that, then, is what fuels the desires and urges consumers to change models after a few years. The strategy dates back to the conflict between Ford and General Motors. Ford was all the same models, mentre General Motors ha introdotto l'innovazione del restyling dei veicoli ogni due anni. Grazie a questa invenzione è diventata la principale casa automobilistica del mondo e lo è rimasta per cinquant'anni. Oggi, in più, l'obsolescenza dei veicoli è imposta anche per legge con le varie fasce, euro 1, euro 2 e così via."
Si parla di declino dell'auto, ma l'impressione è che si tratti soltanto di un effetto economico della crisi. Il modello culturale dell'auto, invece, sembra tutt'altro che in decadenza. L'automobile continua a essere l'oggetto del desiderio ed è ancora percepita come un simbolo di libertà, o no?
"It is no coincidence that of freedom is the theme on which they insist the more advertising. It shows cars racing in desert cities or the mountains or even in the firmament. But the daily reality is completely different. For millennia, the nobles went to horse and all the others on foot. Man has always had the desire to convert from in Jack Knight. Having a mechanism that responds to your commands, which transports you and obeys you, is the mainspring of the collective. The car dominated the twentieth century is the invention that has most changed the landscape, cities, industry itself, the object more than the others entered the collective imagination as a symbol of freedom. But ormai tutte le città del mondo sono congestionate dal traffico. In Cina l'anno scorso si sono vendute 18 milioni di automobili. A Pechino non si può più circolare. Eppure c'è stato un periodo, nei primi decenni del secolo scorso, in cui la mobilità nelle grandi città occidentali funzionava senza automobili."
Non è così?
"Esistevano il tram e la metropolitana. Non a caso, negli Stati Uniti, è stata imposta l'abolizione del servizio di trasporto pubblico urbano. Le grandi case automobilistiche, Ford e General Motors, hanno prima comprato le società di trasporto e poi le hanno chiuse, costringendo la popolazione to turn in the car. Following the spread of the car has transformed the urban structure. There are many scattered areas today that it is impossible to serve with a mass public transport. It only guarantees a minimum service. There are buses that run empty because the frequencies are too bald. "
electric or hybrid cars may be a solution?
" No, it's an illusion. Again, the problem is the occupation of space, hence there is no escape, whatever the diet. Among other things, to produce nuclear energy must go on. To move the cars renewable energy is never enough. "
We can imagine a model of mobility alternative to the car?
"The introduction of VAT has been made possible by technological innovation of the internal combustion engine. Today we have the new information technologies and communication. Technically, we could even now driving a car without necessarily have one each. Because the cars are still on average 22 hours a day, would be more reasonable to have a public car park and allocated according to the demands and uses. renouncing private property, and thus also to the morbid condition binds us to the car, is can guarantee the same level of mobility, if not better. There would be many fewer vehicles parked, thereby releasing space. Or we can introduce a system of urban transport demand, car sharing or the pollution load of cars is expected to grow to a point of no return. "
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